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Serial dilution

Plan a concentration series.

100 µL per well · 10% overage · 96-well plate

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Calculation basis

Methods and source records

These links document the calculation conventions or laboratory context. They do not validate a catalog lot or replace a controlled laboratory method.

  1. 01

    Assay Guidance Manual

    NCATS/NIH Assay Guidance Manual. Laboratory context for assay development, scaling and microtiter-plate formats; the on-page planner performs arithmetic only.

    Technical source
  2. 02

    NIST Guide to the SI, Chapter 8

    National Institute of Standards and Technology. Unit and quantity conventions used by the planner.

    Technical source

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Serial Dilution Plates: Keep the Final Solvent Comparable

Use a worked volume example to check final DMSO across peptide concentrations, alongside the existing plate-planning tool.

Serial Dilution Plates: Keep the Final Solvent Comparable
Editorial illustration, not an experimental photograph.

Define each well's final conditions

Record final volume, target-peptide concentration and final solvent composition. A high-DMSO stock does not determine the final proportion on its own, while a small addition can still affect an assay. Include all added volumes in the calculation.

Read the hypothetical plate design

The figure shows peptide concentrations of 0, 1 and 10 µM, with final DMSO of 0.1% in every group. These are teaching conditions, not recommended KPV or LL-37 concentrations. The 0.1% value is not a universally safe level for cells, enzymes or detection systems.

Different peptide levels, matched solvent
Hypothetical plate: final DMSO is 0.1% in every group. This is not a universal safe limit; validate for the assay.
Different peptide levels, matched solvent
ConditionFinal DMSO
Vehicle control · peptide 0 µM0.1%
Test group · peptide 1 µM0.1%
Test group · peptide 10 µM0.1%

More stock can mean two factors change together

Adding more DMSO-containing stock to the high-peptide group without balancing other groups changes both peptide and solvent. An observed difference then has more than one possible cause. Design suitable working solutions and vehicle controls with comparable final conditions.

Check a simple volume calculation

Teaching example: a 100 µL final well receives 10 µL of working solution containing 1% DMSO, with no DMSO in other additions. The final proportion is 10×1%÷100=0.1%. This simplified volume-fraction calculation needs clearly defined final volume and composition; it is not a universal assay protocol.

A calculated volume must also be pipettable

If a required transfer is below a reliable pipetting range, redesign the working solution or dilution stages and validate the applicable method. A mathematically valid decimal volume does not establish reliable practical handling.

Use this explanation beside the current tool

Plan concentrations and volumes with the existing tool, then separately check solvent proportions through each step and group. This update adds an explanation and example; it does not claim a new automatic solvent-balancing or export feature. Related cards support material enquiries.

References

Published findings, hypothetical teaching examples and material information are distinguished. Read the original methods before attempting replication.

Related research materials

KPVKPVView material information and specifications, or submit an enquiry.LL-37LL-37View material information and specifications, or submit an enquiry.

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