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Quality & Batch Documents

Buying Peptides? Here Is How to Read the Documents

A supplier sends a certificate of analysis saying “99% purity.” Before focusing on that number, check whether the report covers the batch you are buying, what was tested, and whether the documents answer your experiment's questions.

Work through a simple example, then use the delivery checklist and the message template below.

Photograph of sample vials inside an HPLC autosampler
Real HPLC autosampler and sample vials. Third-party educational photograph.Photo: Martin Schaier / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0 · Resized and compressed.

Three documents you may receive

01

COA: what was tested for this batch

A certificate of analysis usually brings together the material name, lot number, tests and results. Match its lot number to the vial label before reading further.

02

Chromatogram: where the purity number comes from

HPLC separates and detects sample components. Reported peak-area purity is usually calculated from the areas in a chromatogram. Read the plot alongside the test conditions.

03

Mass spectrum: checking molecular mass

Mass spectrometry provides information such as molecular mass to help check identity. A matching mass is useful. If you need confirmation of the complete sequence, ask about the additional evidence available.

See real analytical equipment

How do the results reach the report?

These licensed laboratory photographs show analytical equipment and sample vials. They illustrate the process and are not photographs of NHD facilities or products.

The instrument separates components and records signals

Photograph of an Agilent 1200 HPLC connected to a mass spectrometer
Liquid chromatography system on the left; mass spectrometer on the right.Photo: Nick Birse / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Resized and compressed.

Liquid chromatography separates sample components; mass spectrometry helps check molecular mass. A purity chromatogram and a mass spectrum therefore answer different questions.

The sample vial holds a solution prepared for analysis

Photograph of small HPLC sample vials
These are analytical sample vials, not product delivery packaging.Photo: Martin Schaier / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0 · Resized and compressed.

The laboratory prepares the sample according to the test method and puts the solution in a suitable vial. Use the records to check the material lot and sample preparation; a photograph cannot establish purity.

A worked reading example

Read a COA in this order

This is a simplified teaching example. Its entries are not NHD batch results, and real certificates do not necessarily contain the same tests.

A vial and a report with the same example lot number
Start with the lot number: both the vial and the report show DEMO-001. This is a teaching illustration.
Teaching example: extracts from a research peptide report

First check that the information matches, then compare each result with the agreed specification.

Report itemExample entryHow to read it
Material and formExample research peptide · acetate saltCheck the name, salt form, sequence and modifications against the order. Similar names do not establish that two materials are identical.
Lot numberDEMO-001Compare it with the vial label. If the vial has a different lot number, ask for the matching report before relying on this one.
PurityRequirement ≥98%; result 99.1%
Method: HPLC peak area
This result meets the example's requirement. However, 99.1% is a chromatographic area proportion, not automatically the target peptide's share of the total powder mass.
Mass identity checkMatches the example's expected massThis helps check identity. If the report only says “conforms” and you need to examine the result, ask for the measured value, mass spectrum and identification method.
Peptide contentNot listedThis report does not give the mass proportion of peptidic material in the powder. If your experiment requires an accurate solution concentration, ask for an appropriate content measurement and its reporting basis.
Test and retest datesTest date listed; retest information not listedThe test date tells you when the analysis took place, not the shelf life. A reissued report is not necessarily a new test. Confirm storage and retest requirements separately.

A “10 mg” label still needs a clear amount basis

It may refer to the mass of the supplied powder or another agreed basis. The powder may include water and counterions. For accurate laboratory solution preparation, clarify the amount, content and molecular-mass basis. Do not simply multiply 10 mg by the HPLC purity.

Look at a chromatogram before reading its purity result

The horizontal axis shows retention time: when a component leaves the column. The vertical axis shows detector response. A taller peak does not necessarily have a larger area. If the report gives peak-area purity, read the area calculation.

Reading a chromatogram: axes and peaks
Learn the axes and peaks, then check your own test conditions and calculation rules. This simulated plot is separate from the example table above. Click to enlarge.

Four questions to ask when a document is unclear

The report and vial do not match

“Does this report cover the lot I received?”

Send the supplier a label photograph and the report. Ask them to confirm the form, specification and lot number.

Only a purity number is given

“Can you provide the chromatogram and test method?”

The plot, test conditions and area calculation help explain a purity result more clearly than a percentage alone.

You need an accurate concentration

“What does the labelled mass represent? Is content measured?”

Confirm the content method and whether the result includes other peptidic material. Do not automatically read “net peptide content” as target-peptide content.

Your experiment has a special requirement

“Is this specific test available?”

For example, endotoxin, sterility or particular residual-contaminant tests need to be specified separately. Routine HPLC purity cannot answer these questions. Confirm the testing and documents before ordering.

Learn with video

Want to see how HPLC works?

These two official Shimadzu videos introduce general analytical principles. Both are in English. The notes below suggest what to look for; start with the first video if you only need a basic introduction.

Official Shimadzu video preview

First: What is HPLC?

For readers meeting chromatography for the first time: follow the sample through the column to the detector signal.

  • Look for the components the sample passes through.
  • Notice that separation and detection are different steps.
  • Return to the teaching plot and identify the axes and peaks.
View the official Shimadzu source →
Official Shimadzu video preview

Next: Introduction to Liquid Chromatography

Approximately 23 minutes, for readers who want to understand more about separation.

  • Identify the mobile phase flowing through the column and the stationary phase inside it.
  • Consider why components emerge at different times.
  • Think about why comparing plots also requires comparing test conditions.
View the official Shimadzu source →

The YouTube player loads after you press play. If playback is unavailable, use the official source links. Instruments in these videos are not presented as NHD equipment.

Use this checklist when the order arrives

Check the material and documents before storing it according to the product instructions. Keep photographs and shipping records if you notice a problem.

Check the shipping package, vial label and documents together
Bring the packaging, labels and documents together so that any discrepancy is easy to record.
  • Name, form and specification: compare with the order, including vial count and labelled amount per vial.
  • Lot number: check that the vial, outer packaging and COA agree.
  • Packaging: look for damage, loose caps, broken seals or leaks.
  • Shipping records: if temperature conditions were agreed, check the records available. A melted ice pack alone cannot tell you whether a sample has failed.
  • Storage instructions: confirm conditions for unopened material. Storage after dissolution may differ and needs separate confirmation.
  • Documents: compare what you received with the records agreed before ordering, then ask about missing items.

A message you can use to request documents

We plan to order [material name, exact form or sequence], supplied as [total amount, vial count and amount per vial], for [laboratory purpose]. Please confirm the available specifications and provide the matching lot COA. If available, please also include the HPLC chromatogram, mass-spectrometry records and storage instructions. We additionally require [content / endotoxin / other test]: please state whether it is tested, how results are reported, and which items require separate arrangements. Please also confirm the basis of the labelled amount per vial.

Choose a tutorial for your question

What does each COA entry mean?

Check the lot number, method, specification and actual result.

Read the COA guide →
View the materials

Choose the product, then confirm its documents

Available records may differ by material, specification and lot. Share your requested specification and laboratory requirements when enquiring.

GHK-Cu product-family packaging illustration

GHK-Cu

Confirm the copper-complex form, specification and available identity, purity and content records.

View GHK-Cu →
Retatrutide product-family packaging illustration

Retatrutide

Check the specification, amount basis per vial, and lot-specific testing and storage records.

View Retatrutide →

Card images are packaging illustrations. Catalogue materials are for laboratory research, not human or veterinary use.

References

Bachem peptide quality-control guideBachem analytical documentation FAQ

These sources explain analytical concepts, not NHD lot results. Confirm product records for the actual batch.

Small orders and bulk peptide purchases: what should your quote request include?

For a small order, confirm the product and packaging first. For a bulk purchase, also specify the total quantity, documentation needs and delivery arrangements. Adapt the same request form to your situation.

Small orders: specify what is in each box

Write the product name, material form, labeled amount per vial, number of vials per box and number of boxes. If you are only choosing a specification, you can list two candidate specifications and ask the supplier to confirm the basis of the quote for each.

Do not just write "want 10 mg", because this may mean the amount per vial, the total amount for a whole box, or the amount needed for one experiment. The unit of the quote should match the request.

Bulk purchases: separate the total amount from packaging needs

Write clearly the total number of boxes or total quantity, whether fixed aliquoting is needed, whether split arrangements are acceptable, and which documents need to be confirmed first. The costs, deliverable items and arrangements in the supplier's reply should be made clear by both parties, and should not be inferred from general product text.

Document requirements should be specific

You can fill in material identity, batch number correspondence, analytical items to be checked, and raw data requirements. When you need a certain document, ask whether it actually exists and what batches it covers; if a document is not available, clearly record it as pending confirmation or unavailable.

This site does not treat general reference COA examples as actual NHD batch documents, and does not assume that every product already has a certain test.

After filling in the form, add one sentence about the purpose

For example, "used to compare materials with DAC and without DAC, need to avoid form confusion." This sentence can help the other party understand why you require that identity statement. The actual research design should be confirmed by the person responsible for the research.

A purchase request form you can copy and fill in
Product name and specific formYour requirement: Fill in:
Candidate specifications and amount per vialYour requirement: Fill in:
Number of packages and required quantityYour requirement: Fill in:
Teaching summary. Check the explanation and original sources; this is not a to-scale molecular model or a product test result.
A purchase request form you can copy and fill in
FieldYour requirement
Product name and specific formFill in:
Candidate specifications and amount per vialFill in:
Number of packages and required quantityFill in:
Identity or composition that must be confirmedFill in:
Actual documents you hope to obtainFill in:
Destination and time requirementsFill in:
Questions not yet determinedFill in:

Download the Chinese worksheet (TXT; copy and edit as needed)

Original sources and further reading

Sources checked on 2026-10-13. Findings apply to the models and materials studied. Batch quality requires records for the actual batch.

Related research materials

Ask about specifications, quantity and required documents

Questions about a COA? Four practical ways to ask for clarification

Point to the field you do not understand and explain what you need to know. Adapt the four examples below to help the supplier give a useful reply.

The batch numbers do not match

Hello, the batch number on the vial or packaging is ____, and the report number or batch number is ____. Please confirm whether they refer to the same batch and explain the link between them. If there is a replacement report, please identify its version and scope.

Include the relevant label and report details. Hide private information that is not needed for the inquiry. A matching product name alone does not establish that the batch is the same.

There is a purity result, but no method

Hello, the reported purity is ____. Please explain the analytical method, detection mode, integration and calculation basis, and whether the corresponding chromatogram can be provided. We need to understand what this number represents.

Do not assume an HPLC area percentage is the net peptide content of the vial. Different questions may require different tests.

The basis of the labeled 10 mg is unclear

Hello, we need an amount for our experimental calculations. Please confirm what the labeled 10 mg represents, whether content has been measured, and the basis of that result. If it has not been measured, please say so clearly.

Do not invent a percentage to subtract for water, counterions or other components simply to get a convenient number.

Only a result screenshot was supplied

Hello, to understand this report, please identify the sample, original file or report number, test date, method version and data processing method behind the screenshot. If more data are available, please explain the file types and their scope.

Confirm which records are actually available. A screenshot and an instrument’s original data file offer different opportunities for review.

Keep a record of the reply

Put the question, reply, file number, applicable batch and unresolved points in the same table. A note saying only “replied” leaves the next colleague to ask again.

Documentation follow-up record
Material and batch numberYour notes: ____
Field needing clarificationYour notes: ____
Reply and attachments receivedYour notes: ____
Teaching summary. Check the explanation and original sources; this is not a to-scale molecular model or a product test result.
Documentation follow-up record
FieldYour notes
Material and batch number____
Field needing clarification____
Reply and attachments received____
Unresolved questions____
Final document version used____

Download the Chinese worksheet (TXT; copy and edit as needed)

Original sources and further reading

Sources checked on 2026-10-13. Findings apply to the models and materials studied. Batch quality requires records for the actual batch.

Sending peptides for analysis: help the lab answer the right question

"Please test my peptide for me" is usually not specific enough. First state what the material is, what processing it has undergone, and which question you want answered; then the testing party can confirm the applicable tests.

Write the material identity first, not just a nickname

Provide the full name, sequence or identity record, terminal groups and other modifications, salt or material form, batch number and packaging details. For mixtures, list the known components and ratios. Mark anything uncertain as “to be confirmed”.

Tell the testing party what steps the sample has undergone

Whether it has already been dissolved, the solvent used, the container, the time of preparation, and storage and transfer conditions can all affect the analysis. Sending only the current sample without describing the processing history can make the results hard to interpret.

Do not write an unmeasured concentration as a measured value. Distinguish between concentration calculated from the label claim, calculated from weighing, and already quantified concentration, and state the basis.

The target question determines the proposed tests

To confirm composition-related mass, sequence, configuration, content, or impurities, the evidence needed may differ. For example, intact mass matching cannot by itself answer all sequence or D/L configuration questions.

Write the question clearly in the request, then ask the testing party to explain the recommended method, scope of application, sample required, and the report format they can provide. This table does not guarantee service capability on behalf of any testing organization.

Also state report delivery requirements in advance

State whether you need a method description, chromatograms, mass spectra, reviewable data, or other records, and confirm the sample and lot number corresponding to the documents. The final delivery scope is subject to the actual confirmed results.

After receiving the results, return to the original question

Check the sample number, lot number, method, test date, result units, and range. If the results do not answer the original question, record the gap and then discuss additional analysis; do not replace the evidence actually needed with a convenient number.

Sample Submission Information Form
Sample name, lot number, formContent to fill in: ____
Sequence and modifications or composition informationContent to fill in: ____
Solvent, concentration, and basis for amountContent to fill in: ____
Teaching summary. Check the explanation and original sources; this is not a to-scale molecular model or a product test result.
Sample Submission Information Form
FieldContent to fill in
Sample name, lot number, form____
Sequence and modifications or composition information____
Solvent, concentration, and basis for amount____
Processing and storage records____
Analytical question you want answered____
Proposed tests, to be confirmed by the testing party____
Desired document format____

Download the Chinese worksheet (TXT; copy and edit as needed)

Original sources and further reading

Sources checked on 2026-10-13. Findings apply to the models and materials studied. Batch quality requires records for the actual batch.

Two reports for one peptide batch: which version should you use?

When two versions of a report appear for the same batch of material, first check the report number and revision notes. A version update does not necessarily mean the sample changed, but you need to know whether what changed was wording, calculations, or test results.

First, separate "report" from "batch"

A batch number identifies a batch of material; a report number and version identify a document. One batch may have reports for different projects or from different times; the same report may also be updated due to corrections. A later date alone is not enough to understand why it was updated.

Use a hypothetical example to understand three kinds of changes

Report A version 1 wrote the unit incorrectly, and version 2 corrects the unit: this is a wording or unit correction, and you need to confirm whether the meaning of the value changes along with it. Report B version 2 changes integration or calculation: it should explain the processing method and the change in results. Report C adds testing of another sample: you should confirm whether it still covers the original batch and the original question.

All of the above are teaching examples; no real NHD test report is shown. Different changes require different items to verify.

What information should you confirm with the issuer?

Please confirm the report number, the currently valid version, the revision date, the reason for revision, whether the old version has been replaced, and which fields are affected by the change. If retesting is involved, also confirm the sample, method, and test date.

How should you keep them in the folder?

Keep one clearly identified current version, and place old versions in historical records with a note on the replacement relationship. File names may include the batch number, report number, version, and date, but do not let the file name replace the formal report content.

When handing over to a new colleague, what should be handed over together?

Hand over the current report, the version notes, the relevant batch records, and unresolved issues. This way the new colleague can know why this one was chosen, rather than guessing from the timing of email attachments.

Version comparison record
Report number and versionOld version: ____New version: ____
Applicable material and batch numberOld version: ____New version: ____
Changed fieldsOld version: ____New version: ____
Teaching summary. Check the explanation and original sources; this is not a to-scale molecular model or a product test result.
Version comparison record
ItemOld versionNew version
Report number and version________
Applicable material and batch number________
Changed fields________
Reason for change and notes________
Whether it replaces the old version________

Download the Chinese worksheet (TXT; copy and edit as needed)

Original sources and further reading

Sources checked on 2026-10-13. Findings apply to the models and materials studied. Batch quality requires records for the actual batch.

After Reconstitution: What Belongs on a Peptide Label?

Make a solution label traceable with identity, concentration, solvent and preparation records, without inventing an expiry date.

After Reconstitution: What Belongs on a Peptide Label?
Editorial illustration, not an experimental photograph.

Connect the solution to the original material

Include material name, original batch and preparation or aliquot identifier. Relevant modifications, labels and form must remain traceable. A controlled reference can save label space, but it must lead to a record rather than exist only in someone's memory.

Write the unit and concentration basis

“Concentration 1” is incomplete. Use a full unit and link the calculation basis where needed. A nominal concentration calculated from the label differs from a measured concentration. Do not use the same description for both.

After reconstitution: what goes on the label?
Fill-in label template. An expiry date needs evidence; it cannot be inferred from preparation date alone.
After reconstitution: what goes on the label?
ConditionValue / information to fill in
Name, original batch and aliquot identifiers—
Concentration, solvent and preparation date—
Operator and applicable storage requirements—

Keep solvent and preparation date visible

Record solvent or buffer, relevant conditions, preparation date and operator. Further dilution creates a different solution and needs a corresponding record, rather than the previous concentration label. Link final volume and actual material input where appropriate.

Preparation date does not determine expiry

A preparation date does not automatically provide a month or half-year of usability. Material, solution, container and storage conditions matter. If no supported lifetime is established, retain the unresolved status instead of inventing an expiry date.

A short fill-in template

Material name; original batch; preparation or aliquot identifier; concentration and unit; calculation-record reference; solvent; preparation date and operator; applicable storage requirements. This is a blank record template, not a certificate or completed result for any product.

Make the label and documents searchable together

Connect the identifier to purchasing, preparation, testing and use records. Product pages identify catalog materials; they cannot replace the original batch identifier or your laboratory's preparation history.

References

Published findings, hypothetical teaching examples and material information are distinguished. Read the original methods before attempting replication.

Related research materials

Enquire about products and information →

Research reading and material enquiries only. This page is not personal medical advice or a substitute for batch-specific records.